مستندات ClickHouse
برای شروع جستجو تایپ کنید
فهرست موضوعات
ClickHouse چیست؟
ویژگی های کلیدی یک سناریو OLAP
دلایل برتری دیتابیس های ستون گرا برای سناریو های OLAP
Input/output
CPU
ویژگی های برجسته ClickHouse
مدیریت دیتابیس ستون گرای واقعی
فشرده سازی داده ها
Disk storage of data
پردازش موازی روی چندین هسته
پردازش توزیع شده بر روی چندین سرور
پشتیبانی SQL
موتور بردارد
بروزرسانی داده ها به صورت Real-Time
Index
مناسب برای query های آنلاین
پشتیبانی از محاسبات تقریبی
Replication داده ها و integrity
ویژگی های از ClickHouse که می تواند معایبی باشد.
Performance
توان عملیاتی برای یک query بزرگ
Latency در زمان پردازش query های کوتاه
توان عملیاتی در هنگام پردازش تعداد زیادی از query های کوتاه
Performance در هنگام درج داده ها
ClickHouse ﻪﭽﺨﯾﺭﺎﺗ
استفاده در Yandex.Metrica و دیگر سرویس های Yandex
داده های Aggregate , Non-Aggregate
ClickHouse Adopters
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نیازمندی های سیستم
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نصب از طریق Source
روش های دیگر نصب
راه اندازی
ClickHouse Tutorial
What to Expect from This Tutorial?
Single Node Setup
Import Sample Dataset
Download and Extract Table Data
Create Tables
Import Data
Example Queries
Cluster Deployment
OnTime
داده های تاکسی New York
چطور داده های raw را import کنیم
نتایج بر روی یک سرور
نتایج
بنچمارک AMPLab Big Data
WikiStat
ترابایت از لاگ های کلیک از سرویس Criteo
بنچمارک Star Schema
Anonymized Yandex.Metrica Data
Obtaining Tables from Prepared Partitions
Obtaining Tables from Compressed TSV File
Example Queries
رابط ها
کلاینت Command-line
استفاده
پیکربندی
گزینه های Command line
فایل های پیکربندی
رابط بومی (TCP)
HTTP interface
بافرینگ Response
MySQL interface
فرمت های Input و Output
TabSeparated
TabSeparatedRaw
TabSeparatedWithNames
TabSeparatedWithNamesAndTypes
Template
TemplateIgnoreSpaces
TSKV
CSV
CSVWithNames
JSON
JSONCompact
JSONEachRow
Usage of Nested Structures
Native
Null
Pretty
PrettyCompact
PrettyCompactMonoBlock
PrettyNoEscapes
PrettyCompactNoEscapes
PrettySpaceNoEscapes
PrettySpace
RowBinary
Values
Vertical
VerticalRaw
XML
CapnProto
Protobuf
Avro
Data Types Matching
Inserting Data
Selecting Data
AvroConfluent
Data Types Matching
Usage
Parquet
Data Types Matching
Inserting and Selecting Data
ORC
Data Types Matching
Inserting Data
درایور JDBC
ODBC درایور
C++ Client Library
کتابخانه های مشتری شخص ثالث
کتابخانه ادغام ثالث
محصولات زیربنایی
اکوسیستم زبان برنامه نویسی
interface های visual توسعه دهندگان third-party
متن باز
Tabix
HouseOps
LightHouse
DBeaver
clickhouse-cli
clickhouse-flamegraph
تجاری
DataGrip
سرورهای پروکسی از توسعه دهندگان شخص ثالث
KittenHouse
ClickHouse-Bulk
Data types
UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64
محدوده ی Int
محدوده ی Uint
Float32, Float64
استفاده از اعداد Float
NaN و Inf
Decimal(P, S), Decimal32(S), Decimal64(S), Decimal128(S)
Parameters
Decimal value ranges
Internal representation
Operations and result type
Overflow checks
مقادیر Boolean
String
Encodings
FixedString(N)
UUID
How to generate
Usage example
Restrictions
Date
DateTime
Time zones
Enum
Array(T)
AggregateFunction(name, types_of_arguments...)
Tuple(T1, T2, ...)
Nullable(TypeName)
Storage features
Usage example
Nested data structures
Nested(Name1 Type1, Name2 Type2, ...)
Special data types
Expression
Set
Nothing
Interval
Usage Remarks
See Also
Domains
Extra Features of Domains
Limitations
IPv4
Basic Usage
IPv6
Basic Usage
Database Engines
MySQL
Creating a Database
Data Types Support
Examples of Use
Lazy
Creating a Database
Table engines
Engine Families
MergeTree
Log
Intergation engines
Special engines
Virtual columns
MergeTree
Creating a Table
Query Clauses
Data Storage
Primary Keys and Indexes in Queries
Selecting the Primary Key
Choosing a Primary Key that Differs from the Sorting Key
Use of Indexes and Partitions in Queries
Use of Index for Partially-Monotonic Primary Keys
Data Skipping Indexes (Experimental)
Available Types of Indices
Functions Support
Concurrent Data Access
TTL for Columns and Tables
Column TTL
Table TTL
Using Multiple Block Devices for Data Storage
Introduction
Terms
Configuration
Details
Data Replication
Creating Replicated Tables
Recovery After Failures
Recovery After Complete Data Loss
Converting from MergeTree to ReplicatedMergeTree
Converting from ReplicatedMergeTree to MergeTree
Recovery When Metadata in The ZooKeeper Cluster is Lost or Damaged
Custom Partitioning Key
ReplacingMergeTree
Creating a Table
SummingMergeTree
Creating a Table
Usage Example
Data Processing
Common rules for summation
The Summation in the AggregateFunction Columns
Nested Structures
AggregatingMergeTree
Creating a Table
SELECT and INSERT
Example of an Aggregated Materialized View
CollapsingMergeTree
Creating a Table
Collapsing
Data
Algorithm
Example of use
Example of another approach
VersionedCollapsingMergeTree
Creating a Table
Collapsing
Data
Algorithm
Selecting Data
Example of Use
GraphiteMergeTree
Creating a Table
Rollup configuration
Required Columns
Patterns
Configuration Example
Log Engine Family
Common properties
Differences
StripeLog
Creating a Table
Writing the Data
Reading the Data
Example of Use
Log
TinyLog
Kafka
Creating a Table
Description
Configuration
Virtual Columns
MySQL
Creating a Table
Usage Example
See Also
JDBC
Creating a Table
Usage Example
See Also
ODBC
Creating a Table
Usage Example
See Also
HDFS
Usage
Implementation Details
Virtual Columns
Distributed
Virtual Columns
External Data for Query Processing
Dictionary
Merge
Virtual Columns
File
Usage in ClickHouse Server
Usage in Clickhouse-local
Details of Implementation
Null
Set
Join
Creating a Table
Table Usage
Example
Selecting and Inserting Data
Limitations and Settings
Data Storage
URL(URL, Format)
Using the engine in the ClickHouse server
Details of Implementation
View
MaterializedView
Memory
Buffer
GenerateRandom
Usage in ClickHouse Server
Details of Implementation
SQL Reference
SELECT Queries Syntax
WITH Clause
FROM Clause
FINAL Modifier
SAMPLE Clause
SAMPLE k
SAMPLE n
SAMPLE k OFFSET m
ARRAY JOIN Clause
Using Aliases
ARRAY JOIN With Nested Data Structure
JOIN Clause
Supported Types of JOIN
Multiple JOIN
Strictness
GLOBAL JOIN
Usage Recommendations
Processing of Empty or NULL Cells
Syntax Limitations
WHERE Clause
PREWHERE Clause
GROUP BY Clause
NULL processing
WITH TOTALS Modifier
GROUP BY in External Memory
LIMIT BY Clause
HAVING Clause
ORDER BY Clause
SELECT Clause
DISTINCT Clause
LIMIT Clause
UNION ALL Clause
INTO OUTFILE Clause
FORMAT Clause
IN Operators
NULL processing
Distributed Subqueries
Extreme Values
Notes
INSERT
Constraints
Inserting The Results of SELECT
Performance Considerations
CREATE Queries
CREATE DATABASE
Clauses
CREATE TABLE
Default Values
Constraints
TTL Expression
Column Compression Codecs
Specialized Codecs
Common purpose codecs
Temporary Tables
Distributed DDL queries (ON CLUSTER clause)
CREATE VIEW
CREATE DICTIONARY
ALTER
Column Manipulations
ADD COLUMN
DROP COLUMN
CLEAR COLUMN
COMMENT COLUMN
MODIFY COLUMN
ALTER Query Limitations
Manipulations With Key Expressions
Manipulations With Data Skipping Indices
Manipulations with constraints
Manipulations With Partitions and Parts
DETACH PARTITION
DROP PARTITION
DROP DETACHED PARTITION|PART
ATTACH PARTITION|PART
ATTACH PARTITION FROM
REPLACE PARTITION
MOVE PARTITION TO TABLE
CLEAR COLUMN IN PARTITION
FREEZE PARTITION
CLEAR INDEX IN PARTITION
FETCH PARTITION
MOVE PARTITION|PART
How To Set Partition Expression
Manipulations with Table TTL
Synchronicity of ALTER Queries
Mutations
SYSTEM Queries
RELOAD DICTIONARIES
RELOAD DICTIONARY dictionary_name
DROP DNS CACHE
DROP MARK CACHE
FLUSH LOGS
RELOAD CONFIG
SHUTDOWN
KILL
Managing Distributed Tables
STOP DISTRIBUTED SENDS
FLUSH DISTRIBUTED
START DISTRIBUTED SENDS
STOP MERGES
START MERGES
SHOW Queries
SHOW CREATE TABLE
SHOW DATABASES
SHOW PROCESSLIST
SHOW TABLES
SHOW DICTIONARIES
Miscellaneous Queries
ATTACH
CHECK TABLE
DESCRIBE TABLE
DETACH
DROP
EXISTS
KILL QUERY
KILL MUTATION
OPTIMIZE
RENAME
SET
TRUNCATE
USE
Functions
Strong typing
Common subexpression elimination
Types of results
Constants
NULL processing
Constancy
Error handling
Evaluation of argument expressions
Performing functions for distributed query processing
Arithmetic functions
plus(a, b), a + b operator
minus(a, b), a - b operator
multiply(a, b), a * b operator
divide(a, b), a / b operator
intDiv(a, b)
intDivOrZero(a, b)
modulo(a, b), a % b operator
moduloOrZero(a, b)
negate(a), -a operator
abs(a)
gcd(a, b)
lcm(a, b)
Comparison functions
equals, a = b and a == b operator
notEquals, a ! operator= b and a <> b
less, < operator
greater, > operator
lessOrEquals, <= operator
greaterOrEquals, >= operator
Logical functions
and, AND operator
or, OR operator
not, NOT operator
xor
Type Conversion Functions
Common Issues of Numeric Conversions
toInt(8|16|32|64)
toInt(8|16|32|64)OrZero
toInt(8|16|32|64)OrNull
toUInt(8|16|32|64)
toUInt(8|16|32|64)OrZero
toUInt(8|16|32|64)OrNull
toFloat(32|64)
toFloat(32|64)OrZero
toFloat(32|64)OrNull
toDate
toDateOrZero
toDateOrNull
toDateTime
toDateTimeOrZero
toDateTimeOrNull
toDecimal(32|64|128)
toDecimal(32|64|128)OrNull
toDecimal(32|64|128)OrZero
toString
toFixedString(s, N)
toStringCutToZero(s)
reinterpretAsUInt(8|16|32|64)
reinterpretAsInt(8|16|32|64)
reinterpretAsFloat(32|64)
reinterpretAsDate
reinterpretAsDateTime
reinterpretAsString
reinterpretAsFixedString
CAST(x, t)
toInterval(Year|Quarter|Month|Week|Day|Hour|Minute|Second)
parseDateTimeBestEffort
parseDateTimeBestEffortOrNull
parseDateTimeBestEffortOrZero
Functions for working with dates and times
toTimeZone
toYear
toQuarter
toMonth
toDayOfYear
toDayOfMonth
toDayOfWeek
toHour
toMinute
toSecond
toUnixTimestamp
toStartOfYear
toStartOfISOYear
toStartOfQuarter
toStartOfMonth
toMonday
toStartOfWeek(t[,mode])
toStartOfDay
toStartOfHour
toStartOfMinute
toStartOfFiveMinute
toStartOfTenMinutes
toStartOfFifteenMinutes
toStartOfInterval(time_or_data, INTERVAL x unit [, time_zone])
toTime
toRelativeYearNum
toRelativeQuarterNum
toRelativeMonthNum
toRelativeWeekNum
toRelativeDayNum
toRelativeHourNum
toRelativeMinuteNum
toRelativeSecondNum
toISOYear
toISOWeek
toWeek(date[,mode])
toYearWeek(date[,mode])
now
today
yesterday
timeSlot
toYYYYMM
toYYYYMMDD
toYYYYMMDDhhmmss
addYears, addMonths, addWeeks, addDays, addHours, addMinutes, addSeconds, addQuarters
subtractYears, subtractMonths, subtractWeeks, subtractDays, subtractHours, subtractMinutes, subtractSeconds, subtractQuarters
dateDiff
timeSlots(StartTime, Duration,[, Size])
formatDateTime(Time, Format[, Timezone])
Functions for working with strings
empty
notEmpty
length
lengthUTF8
char_length, CHAR_LENGTH
character_length, CHARACTER_LENGTH
lower, lcase
upper, ucase
lowerUTF8
upperUTF8
isValidUTF8
toValidUTF8
Example
repeat
reverse
reverseUTF8
format(pattern, s0, s1, ...)
concat
concatAssumeInjective
substring(s, offset, length), mid(s, offset, length), substr(s, offset, length)
substringUTF8(s, offset, length)
appendTrailingCharIfAbsent(s, c)
convertCharset(s, from, to)
base64Encode(s)
base64Decode(s)
tryBase64Decode(s)
endsWith(s, suffix)
startsWith(str, prefix)
trim
trimLeft
trimRight
trimBoth
CRC32(s)
CRC32IEEE(s)
CRC64(s)
Functions for Searching Strings
position(haystack, needle), locate(haystack, needle)
positionUTF8(haystack, needle)
multiSearchAllPositions
multiSearchAllPositionsUTF8
multiSearchFirstPosition(haystack, [needle1, needle2, ..., needlen])
multiSearchFirstIndex(haystack, [needle1, needle2, ..., needlen])
multiSearchAny(haystack, [needle1, needle2, ..., needlen])
match(haystack, pattern)
multiMatchAny(haystack, [pattern1, pattern2, ..., patternn])
multiMatchAnyIndex(haystack, [pattern1, pattern2, ..., patternn])
multiMatchAllIndices(haystack, [pattern1, pattern2, ..., patternn])
multiFuzzyMatchAny(haystack, distance, [pattern1, pattern2, ..., patternn])
multiFuzzyMatchAnyIndex(haystack, distance, [pattern1, pattern2, ..., patternn])
multiFuzzyMatchAllIndices(haystack, distance, [pattern1, pattern2, ..., patternn])
extract(haystack, pattern)
extractAll(haystack, pattern)
like(haystack, pattern), haystack LIKE pattern operator
notLike(haystack, pattern), haystack NOT LIKE pattern operator
ngramDistance(haystack, needle)
ngramSearch(haystack, needle)
Functions for searching and replacing in strings
replaceOne(haystack, pattern, replacement)
replaceAll(haystack, pattern, replacement), replace(haystack, pattern, replacement)
replaceRegexpOne(haystack, pattern, replacement)
replaceRegexpAll(haystack, pattern, replacement)
regexpQuoteMeta(s)
Conditional functions
if
Ternary operator
multiIf
Using conditional results directly
NULL values in conditionals
Mathematical functions
e()
pi()
exp(x)
log(x), ln(x)
exp2(x)
log2(x)
exp10(x)
log10(x)
sqrt(x)
cbrt(x)
erf(x)
erfc(x)
lgamma(x)
tgamma(x)
sin(x)
cos(x)
tan(x)
asin(x)
acos(x)
atan(x)
pow(x, y), power(x, y)
intExp2
intExp10
Rounding functions
floor(x[, N])
ceil(x[, N]), ceiling(x[, N])
trunc(x[, N]), truncate(x[, N])
round(x[, N])
Examples
roundBankers
Examples
roundToExp2(num)
roundDuration(num)
roundAge(num)
roundDown(num, arr)
Functions for working with arrays
empty
notEmpty
length
emptyArrayUInt8, emptyArrayUInt16, emptyArrayUInt32, emptyArrayUInt64
emptyArrayInt8, emptyArrayInt16, emptyArrayInt32, emptyArrayInt64
emptyArrayFloat32, emptyArrayFloat64
emptyArrayDate, emptyArrayDateTime
emptyArrayString
emptyArrayToSingle
range(end), range(start, end [, step])
array(x1, ...), operator [x1, ...]
arrayConcat
arrayElement(arr, n), operator arr[n]
has(arr, elem)
hasAll
hasAny
indexOf(arr, x)
countEqual(arr, x)
arrayEnumerate(arr)
arrayEnumerateUniq(arr, ...)
arrayPopBack
arrayPopFront
arrayPushBack
arrayPushFront
arrayResize
arraySlice
arraySort([func,] arr, ...)
arrayReverseSort([func,] arr, ...)
arrayUniq(arr, ...)
arrayJoin(arr)
arrayDifference
arrayDistinct
arrayEnumerateDense(arr)
arrayIntersect(arr)
arrayReduce(agg_func, arr1, ...)
arrayReverse(arr)
reverse(arr)
arrayFlatten
arrayCompact
arrayZip
Functions for splitting and merging strings and arrays
splitByChar(separator, s)
splitByString(separator, s)
arrayStringConcat(arr[, separator])
alphaTokens(s)
Bit functions
bitAnd(a, b)
bitOr(a, b)
bitXor(a, b)
bitNot(a)
bitShiftLeft(a, b)
bitShiftRight(a, b)
bitRotateLeft(a, b)
bitRotateRight(a, b)
bitTest
bitTestAll
bitTestAny
Bitmap functions
bitmapBuild
bitmapToArray
bitmapSubsetInRange
bitmapSubsetLimit
bitmapContains
bitmapHasAny
bitmapHasAll
bitmapCardinality
bitmapMin
bitmapMax
bitmapTransform
bitmapAnd
bitmapOr
bitmapXor
bitmapAndnot
bitmapAndCardinality
bitmapOrCardinality
bitmapXorCardinality
bitmapAndnotCardinality
Hash functions
halfMD5
MD5
sipHash64
sipHash128
cityHash64
intHash32
intHash64
SHA1
SHA224
SHA256
URLHash(url[, N])
farmHash64
javaHash
javaHashUTF16LE
hiveHash
metroHash64
jumpConsistentHash
murmurHash2_32, murmurHash2_64
murmurHash3_32, murmurHash3_64
murmurHash3_128
xxHash32, xxHash64
Functions for generating pseudo-random numbers
rand
rand64
randConstant
Encoding functions
char
hex
unhex(str)
UUIDStringToNum(str)
UUIDNumToString(str)
bitmaskToList(num)
bitmaskToArray(num)
Functions for working with UUID
generateUUIDv4
toUUID (x)
UUIDStringToNum
UUIDNumToString
See also
Functions for working with URLs
Functions that Extract Parts of a URL
protocol
domain
domainWithoutWWW
topLevelDomain
firstSignificantSubdomain
cutToFirstSignificantSubdomain
path
pathFull
queryString
fragment
queryStringAndFragment
extractURLParameter(URL, name)
extractURLParameters(URL)
extractURLParameterNames(URL)
URLHierarchy(URL)
URLPathHierarchy(URL)
decodeURLComponent(URL)
Functions that remove part of a URL.
cutWWW
cutQueryString
cutFragment
cutQueryStringAndFragment
cutURLParameter(URL, name)
Functions for working with IP addresses
IPv4NumToString(num)
IPv4StringToNum(s)
IPv4NumToStringClassC(num)
IPv6NumToString(x)
IPv6StringToNum(s)
IPv4ToIPv6(x)
cutIPv6(x, bitsToCutForIPv6, bitsToCutForIPv4)
IPv4CIDRToRange(ipv4, cidr),
IPv6CIDRToRange(ipv6, cidr),
toIPv4(string)
toIPv6(string)
Functions for working with JSON
visitParamHas(params, name)
visitParamExtractUInt(params, name)
visitParamExtractInt(params, name)
visitParamExtractFloat(params, name)
visitParamExtractBool(params, name)
visitParamExtractRaw(params, name)
visitParamExtractString(params, name)
isValidJSON(json)
JSONHas(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
JSONLength(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
JSONType(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
JSONExtractUInt(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
JSONExtractInt(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
JSONExtractFloat(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
JSONExtractBool(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
JSONExtractString(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
JSONExtract(json[, indices_or_keys...], return_type)
JSONExtractKeysAndValues(json[, indices_or_keys...], value_type)
JSONExtractRaw(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
JSONExtractArrayRaw(json[, indices_or_keys]...)
Higher-order functions
-> operator, lambda(params, expr) function
arrayMap(func, arr1, ...)
arrayFilter(func, arr1, ...)
arrayFill(func, arr1, ...)
arrayReverseFill(func, arr1, ...)
arraySplit(func, arr1, ...)
arrayReverseSplit(func, arr1, ...)
arrayCount([func,] arr1, ...)
arrayExists([func,] arr1, ...)
arrayAll([func,] arr1, ...)
arraySum([func,] arr1, ...)
arrayFirst(func, arr1, ...)
arrayFirstIndex(func, arr1, ...)
arrayCumSum([func,] arr1, ...)
arrayCumSumNonNegative(arr)
arraySort([func,] arr1, ...)
arrayReverseSort([func,] arr1, ...)
Functions for Working with External Dictionaries
dictGet
dictHas
dictGetHierarchy
dictIsIn
Other functions
Functions for working with Yandex.Metrica dictionaries
Multiple geobases
regionToCity(id[, geobase])
regionToArea(id[, geobase])
regionToDistrict(id[, geobase])
regionToCountry(id[, geobase])
regionToContinent(id[, geobase])
regionToPopulation(id[, geobase])
regionIn(lhs, rhs[, geobase])
regionHierarchy(id[, geobase])
regionToName(id[, lang])
Functions for implementing the IN operator
in, notIn, globalIn, globalNotIn
tuple(x, y, ...), operator (x, y, ...)
tupleElement(tuple, n), operator x.N
arrayJoin function
Functions for Working with Geographical Coordinates
greatCircleDistance
pointInEllipses
pointInPolygon
geohashEncode
geohashDecode
geoToH3
geohashesInBox
h3GetBaseCell
h3HexAreaM2
h3IndexesAreNeighbors
h3ToChildren
h3ToParent
h3ToString
stringToH3
h3GetResolution
Functions for working with Nullable aggregates
isNull
isNotNull
coalesce
ifNull
nullIf
assumeNotNull
toNullable
Machine learning functions
evalMLMethod (prediction)
Stochastic Linear Regression
Stochastic Logistic Regression
Introspection Functions
addressToLine
addressToSymbol
demangle
Other functions
hostName()
FQDN
basename
visibleWidth(x)
toTypeName(x)
blockSize()
materialize(x)
ignore(...)
sleep(seconds)
sleepEachRow(seconds)
currentDatabase()
currentUser()
isFinite(x)
isInfinite(x)
isNaN(x)
hasColumnInTable(['hostname'[, 'username'[, 'password']],] 'database', 'table', 'column')
bar
transform
transform(x, array_from, array_to, default)
transform(x, array_from, array_to)
formatReadableSize(x)
least(a, b)
greatest(a, b)
uptime()
version()
timezone()
blockNumber
rowNumberInBlock
rowNumberInAllBlocks()
neighbor
runningDifference(x)
runningDifferenceStartingWithFirstValue
MACNumToString(num)
MACStringToNum(s)
MACStringToOUI(s)
getSizeOfEnumType
blockSerializedSize
toColumnTypeName
dumpColumnStructure
defaultValueOfArgumentType
replicate
filesystemAvailable
filesystemFree
filesystemCapacity
finalizeAggregation
runningAccumulate
joinGet
modelEvaluate(model_name, ...)
throwIf(x[, custom_message])
identity
randomPrintableASCII
Aggregate functions
NULL processing
Function Reference
count
any(x)
anyHeavy(x)
anyLast(x)
groupBitAnd
groupBitOr
groupBitXor
groupBitmap
min(x)
max(x)
argMin(arg, val)
argMax(arg, val)
sum(x)
sumWithOverflow(x)
sumMap(key, value)
skewPop
skewSamp
kurtPop
kurtSamp
timeSeriesGroupSum(uid, timestamp, value)
timeSeriesGroupRateSum(uid, ts, val)
avg(x)
uniq
uniqCombined
uniqCombined64
uniqHLL12
uniqExact
groupArray(x), groupArray(max_size)(x)
groupArrayInsertAt(value, position)
groupArrayMovingSum
groupArrayMovingAvg
groupUniqArray(x), groupUniqArray(max_size)(x)
quantile
quantileDeterministic
quantileExact
quantileExactWeighted
quantileTiming
quantileTimingWeighted
quantileTDigest
quantileTDigestWeighted
median
quantiles(level1, level2, ...)(x)
varSamp(x)
varPop(x)
stddevSamp(x)
stddevPop(x)
topK(N)(x)
topKWeighted
covarSamp(x, y)
covarPop(x, y)
corr(x, y)
categoricalInformationValue
simpleLinearRegression
stochasticLinearRegression
Parameters
Usage
Notes
stochasticLogisticRegression
Parameters
groupBitmapAnd
groupBitmapOr
groupBitmapXor
Aggregate function combinators
-If
-Array
-State
-Merge
-MergeState
-ForEach
-OrDefault
-OrNull
-Resample
Parametric aggregate functions
histogram
sequenceMatch(pattern)(timestamp, cond1, cond2, ...)
sequenceCount(pattern)(time, cond1, cond2, ...)
windowFunnel
retention
uniqUpTo(N)(x)
sumMapFiltered(keys_to_keep)(keys, values)
Table Functions
file
Virtual Columns
merge
numbers
remote, remoteSecure
url
mysql
Usage Example
See Also
jdbc
odbc
Usage example
See Also
hdfs
Virtual Columns
input
generateRandom
Usage Example
Dictionaries
External Dictionaries
See also
Configuring an External Dictionary
Storing Dictionaries in Memory
Ways to Store Dictionaries in Memory
flat
hashed
sparse_hashed
complex_key_hashed
range_hashed
cache
complex_key_cache
ip_trie
Dictionary Updates
Sources of External Dictionaries
Local File
Executable File
HTTP(s)
ODBC
Known vulnerability of the ODBC dictionary functionality
Example of Connecting PostgreSQL
Example of Connecting MS SQL Server
DBMS
MySQL
ClickHouse
MongoDB
Redis
Dictionary Key and Fields
Key
Numeric Key
Composite Key
Attributes
See Also
Hierarchical Dictionaries
Internal dictionaries
Operators
Access Operators
Numeric Negation Operator
Multiplication and Division Operators
Addition and Subtraction Operators
Comparison Operators
Operators for Working With Data Sets
Operators for Working with Dates and Times
EXTRACT
INTERVAL
Logical Negation Operator
Logical AND Operator
Logical OR Operator
Conditional Operator
Conditional Expression
Concatenation Operator
Lambda Creation Operator
Array Creation Operator
Tuple Creation Operator
Associativity
Checking for NULL
IS NULL
IS NOT NULL
Syntax
Spaces
Comments
Keywords
Identifiers
Literals
Numeric
String
Compound
NULL
Functions
Operators
Data Types and Database Table Engines
Expression Aliases
Notes on Usage
Asterisk
Expressions
ClickHouse Guides
Applying a Catboost Model in ClickHouse
Prerequisites
1. Create a Table
2. Insert the Data to the Table
3. Integrate CatBoost into ClickHouse
4. Run the Model Inference from SQL
Settings
Requirements
CPU
RAM
Swap File
Storage Subsystem
Network
Software
Monitoring
Resource Utilization
ClickHouse Server Metrics
Troubleshooting
Installation
You Cannot Get Deb Packages from ClickHouse Repository With apt-get
Connecting to the Server
Server Is Not Running
Configuration Parameters
Query Processing
Efficiency of Query Processing
Usage Recommendations
CPU Scaling Governor
CPU Limitations
RAM
Huge Pages
Storage Subsystem
RAID
File System
Linux Kernel
Network
ZooKeeper
ClickHouse Update
Access Rights
Data Backup
Duplicating Source Data Somewhere Else
Filesystem Snapshots
clickhouse-copier
Manipulations with Parts
Configuration Files
Quotas
System tables
system.asynchronous_metrics
system.clusters
system.columns
system.contributors
system.databases
system.detached_parts
system.dictionaries
system.events
system.functions
system.graphite_retentions
system.merges
system.metrics
system.metric_log
system.numbers
system.numbers_mt
system.one
system.parts
system.part_log
system.processes
system.text_log
system.query_log
system.query_thread_log
system.trace_log
system.replicas
system.settings
system.table_engines
system.tables
system.zookeeper
system.mutations
system.disks
system.storage_policies
Sampling Query Profiler
Example
How To Test Your Hardware With ClickHouse
Server configuration parameters
Server settings
builtin_dictionaries_reload_interval
compression
default_database
default_profile
dictionaries_config
dictionaries_lazy_load
format_schema_path
graphite
graphite_rollup
http_port/https_port
http_server_default_response
include_from
interserver_http_port
interserver_http_host
interserver_http_credentials
keep_alive_timeout
listen_host
logger
macros
mark_cache_size
max_concurrent_queries
max_connections
max_open_files
max_table_size_to_drop
merge_tree
openSSL
part_log
path
query_log
query_thread_log
trace_log
query_masking_rules
remote_servers
timezone
tcp_port
tcp_port_secure
mysql_port
tmp_path
tmp_policy
uncompressed_cache_size
user_files_path
users_config
zookeeper
use_minimalistic_part_header_in_zookeeper
disable_internal_dns_cache
dns_cache_update_period
Settings
Permissions for queries
readonly
allow_ddl
Restrictions on query complexity
max_memory_usage
max_memory_usage_for_user
max_memory_usage_for_all_queries
max_rows_to_read
max_bytes_to_read
read_overflow_mode
max_rows_to_group_by
group_by_overflow_mode
max_bytes_before_external_group_by
max_rows_to_sort
max_bytes_to_sort
sort_overflow_mode
max_result_rows
max_result_bytes
result_overflow_mode
max_execution_time
timeout_overflow_mode
min_execution_speed
min_execution_speed_bytes
max_execution_speed
max_execution_speed_bytes
timeout_before_checking_execution_speed
max_columns_to_read
max_temporary_columns
max_temporary_non_const_columns
max_subquery_depth
max_pipeline_depth
max_ast_depth
max_ast_elements
max_rows_in_set
max_bytes_in_set
set_overflow_mode
max_rows_in_distinct
max_bytes_in_distinct
distinct_overflow_mode
max_rows_to_transfer
max_bytes_to_transfer
transfer_overflow_mode
max_rows_in_join
max_bytes_in_join
join_overflow_mode
max_partitions_per_insert_block
Settings
distributed_product_mode
enable_optimize_predicate_expression
fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries
force_index_by_date
force_primary_key
format_schema
fsync_metadata
enable_http_compression
http_zlib_compression_level
http_native_compression_disable_checksumming_on_decompress
send_progress_in_http_headers
max_http_get_redirects
input_format_allow_errors_num
input_format_allow_errors_ratio
input_format_values_interpret_expressions
input_format_values_deduce_templates_of_expressions
input_format_values_accurate_types_of_literals
input_format_defaults_for_omitted_fields
input_format_tsv_empty_as_default
input_format_null_as_default
input_format_skip_unknown_fields
input_format_import_nested_json
input_format_with_names_use_header
date_time_input_format
join_default_strictness
join_any_take_last_row
join_use_nulls
join_any_take_last_row
max_block_size
preferred_block_size_bytes
merge_tree_min_rows_for_concurrent_read
merge_tree_min_bytes_for_concurrent_read
merge_tree_min_rows_for_seek
merge_tree_min_bytes_for_seek
merge_tree_coarse_index_granularity
merge_tree_max_rows_to_use_cache
merge_tree_max_bytes_to_use_cache
min_bytes_to_use_direct_io
log_queries
log_query_threads
max_insert_block_size
max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries
max_threads
max_insert_threads
max_compress_block_size
min_compress_block_size
max_query_size
interactive_delay
connect_timeout, receive_timeout, send_timeout
cancel_http_readonly_queries_on_client_close
poll_interval
max_distributed_connections
distributed_connections_pool_size
connect_timeout_with_failover_ms
connections_with_failover_max_tries
extremes
use_uncompressed_cache
replace_running_query
stream_flush_interval_ms
load_balancing
Random (by default)
Nearest Hostname
In Order
First or Random
prefer_localhost_replica
totals_mode
totals_auto_threshold
max_parallel_replicas
compile
min_count_to_compile
output_format_json_quote_64bit_integers
format_csv_delimiter
input_format_csv_unquoted_null_literal_as_null
output_format_csv_crlf_end_of_line
output_format_tsv_crlf_end_of_line
insert_quorum
insert_quorum_timeout
select_sequential_consistency
max_network_bytes
max_network_bandwidth
max_network_bandwidth_for_user
max_network_bandwidth_for_all_users
allow_experimental_cross_to_join_conversion
count_distinct_implementation
skip_unavailable_shards
optimize_skip_unused_shards
force_optimize_skip_unused_shards
optimize_throw_if_noop
distributed_replica_error_half_life
distributed_replica_error_cap
distributed_directory_monitor_sleep_time_ms
distributed_directory_monitor_max_sleep_time_ms
distributed_directory_monitor_batch_inserts
os_thread_priority
query_profiler_real_time_period_ns
query_profiler_cpu_time_period_ns
allow_introspection_functions
input_format_parallel_parsing
min_chunk_bytes_for_parallel_parsing
output_format_avro_codec
output_format_avro_sync_interval
format_avro_schema_registry_url
Settings profiles
User settings
user_name/password
user_name/networks
user_name/profile
user_name/quota
user_name/databases
Constraints on Settings
ClickHouse Utility
clickhouse-copier
Running clickhouse-copier
Format of zookeeper.xml
Configuration of copying tasks
clickhouse-local
Usage
Examples
clickhouse-benchmark
Keys
Output
Comparison mode
Example
General Questions
Why Not Use Something Like MapReduce?
What If I Have a Problem with Encodings When Using Oracle Through ODBC?
How Do I Export Data from ClickHouse to a File?
Using INTO OUTFILE Clause
Using a File-Engine Table
Using Command-Line Redirection
ClickHouse Development
If you use Windows
If you use 32-bit system
Creating a repository on GitHub
Cloning a repository to your development machine
Working with submodules
Build System
Optional External Libraries
C++ Compiler
The Building process
Running the built executable of ClickHouse
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
Writing Code
Test Data
Creating Pull Request
Overview of ClickHouse Architecture
Columns
Field
Leaky Abstractions
Data Types
Block
Block Streams
Formats
I/O
Tables
Parsers
Interpreters
Functions
Aggregate Functions
Server
Distributed Query Execution
Merge Tree
Replication
Browse ClickHouse Source Code
How to Build ClickHouse for Development
Install Git, CMake, Python and Ninja
Install GCC 9
Install from a PPA Package
Install from Sources
Use GCC 9 for Builds
Checkout ClickHouse Sources
Build ClickHouse
How to Build ClickHouse on Any Linux
You Don't Have to Build ClickHouse
How to Build ClickHouse Debian Package
Install Git and Pbuilder
Checkout ClickHouse Sources
Run Release Script
How to Build ClickHouse on Mac OS X
Install Homebrew
Install Required Compilers, Tools, and Libraries
Checkout ClickHouse Sources
Build ClickHouse
Caveats
How to Build ClickHouse on Linux for Mac OS X
Install Clang-8
Install Cross-Compilation Toolset
Build ClickHouse
How to Build ClickHouse on Linux for AARCH64 (ARM64) architecture
Install Clang-8
Install Cross-Compilation Toolset
Build ClickHouse
How to Write C++ Code
General Recommendations
Formatting
Comments
Names
How to Write Code
Unused Features of C++
Platform
Tools
Libraries
General Recommendations
Additional Recommendations
ClickHouse Testing
Functional Tests
Known bugs
Integration Tests
Unit Tests
Performance Tests
Test Tools And Scripts
Miscellanous Tests
Manual Testing
Testing Environment
Load Testing
Build Tests
Testing For Protocol Compatibility
Help From The Compiler
Sanitizers
Fuzzing
Security Audit
Static Analyzers
Hardening
Code Style
Metrica B2B Tests
Test Coverage
Test Automation
Third-Party Libraries Used
Roadmap
Q1 2020
ClickHouse release v20.1
ClickHouse release v20.1.6.30, 2020-03-05
Bug Fix
New Feature
ClickHouse release v20.1.2.4, 2020-01-22
Backward Incompatible Change
New Feature
Bug Fix
Improvement
Performance Improvement
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
Experimental Feature
Security Fix
ClickHouse release v19.17
ClickHouse release v19.17.6.36, 2019-12-27
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release v19.17.4.11, 2019-11-22
Backward Incompatible Change
New Feature
Experimental Feature
Bug Fix
Improvement
Performance Improvement
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
Other
ClickHouse release v19.16
Clickhouse release v19.16.14.65, 2020-03-05
New Feature
ClickHouse release v19.16.2.2, 2019-10-30
Backward Incompatible Change
New Feature
Bug Fix
Improvement
Performance Improvement
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
Code cleanup
ClickHouse release 19.15
ClickHouse release 19.15.4.10, 2019-10-31
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.15.3.6, 2019-10-09
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.15.2.2, 2019-10-01
New Feature
Experimental Feature
Improvement
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
Bug Fix
Backward Incompatible Change
ClickHouse release 19.14
ClickHouse release 19.14.7.15, 2019-10-02
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.14.6.12, 2019-09-19
Bug Fix
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
ClickHouse release 19.14.3.3, 2019-09-10
New Feature
Experimental Feature
Bug Fix
Security Fix
Improvement
Performance Improvement
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
Backward Incompatible Change
ClickHouse release 19.13
ClickHouse release 19.13.6.51, 2019-10-02
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.13.5.44, 2019-09-20
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.13.4.32, 2019-09-10
Bug Fix
Security Fix
ClickHouse release 19.13.3.26, 2019-08-22
Bug Fix
Security Fix
ClickHouse release 19.13.2.19, 2019-08-14
New Feature
Backward Incompatible Change
Experimental features
Bug Fix
Improvement
Performance Improvement
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
ClickHouse release 19.11
ClickHouse release 19.11.13.74, 2019-11-01
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.11.12.69, 2019-10-02
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.11.11.57, 2019-09-13
ClickHouse release 19.11.10.54, 2019-09-10
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.11.9.52, 2019-09-6
Security Fix
ClickHouse release 19.11.8.46, 2019-08-22
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.11.7.40, 2019-08-14
Bug fix
Improvement
ClickHouse release 19.11.5.28, 2019-08-05
Bug fix
Backward Incompatible Change
ClickHouse release 19.11.4.24, 2019-08-01
Bug Fix
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
Backward Incompatible Change
ClickHouse release 19.11.3.11, 2019-07-18
New Feature
Bug Fix
Improvement
Performance Improvement
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
Backward Incompatible Change
ClickHouse release 19.10
ClickHouse release 19.10.1.5, 2019-07-12
New Feature
Bug Fix
Improvement
Performance Improvement
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
ClickHouse release 19.9
ClickHouse release 19.9.3.31, 2019-07-05
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.9.2.4, 2019-06-24
New Feature
Improvement
Bug Fix
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
ClickHouse release 19.8
ClickHouse release 19.8.3.8, 2019-06-11
New Features
Improvements
Performance Improvements
Bug Fixes
Documentation
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvements
ClickHouse release 19.7
ClickHouse release 19.7.5.29, 2019-07-05
Bug Fix
ClickHouse release 19.7.5.27, 2019-06-09
New features
Bug Fixes
ClickHouse release 19.7.3.9, 2019-05-30
New Features
Bug Fixes
Performance Improvements
Documentation
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvements
ClickHouse release 19.6
ClickHouse release 19.6.3.18, 2019-06-13
Bug Fixes
ClickHouse release 19.6.2.11, 2019-05-13
New Features
Experimental Features
Improvements
Performance Improvements
Backward Incompatible Changes
Bug Fixes
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvements
ClickHouse release 19.5
ClickHouse release 19.5.4.22, 2019-05-13
Bug fixes
ClickHouse release 19.5.3.8, 2019-04-18
Bug fixes
ClickHouse release 19.5.2.6, 2019-04-15
New Features
Improvement
Bug Fix
Backward Incompatible Change
Performance Improvement
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
ClickHouse release 19.4
ClickHouse release 19.4.4.33, 2019-04-17
Bug Fixes
Improvements
ClickHouse release 19.4.3.11, 2019-04-02
Bug Fixes
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
ClickHouse release 19.4.2.7, 2019-03-30
Bug Fixes
ClickHouse release 19.4.1.3, 2019-03-19
Bug Fixes
ClickHouse release 19.4.0.49, 2019-03-09
New Features
Bug Fixes
Improvements
Performance Improvements
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
ClickHouse release 19.3
ClickHouse release 19.3.9.1, 2019-04-02
Bug Fixes
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvement
ClickHouse release 19.3.7, 2019-03-12
Bug fixes
ClickHouse release 19.3.6, 2019-03-02
Bug fixes
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvements
ClickHouse release 19.3.5, 2019-02-21
Bug fixes
ClickHouse release 19.3.4, 2019-02-16
Improvements
Bug Fixes
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvements
ClickHouse release 19.3.3, 2019-02-13
New Features
Experimental features
Bug Fixes
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvements
Backward Incompatible Changes
Performance Improvements
Improvements
ClickHouse release 19.1
ClickHouse release 19.1.14, 2019-03-14
ClickHouse release 19.1.13, 2019-03-12
ClickHouse release 19.1.10, 2019-03-03
ClickHouse release 19.1
ClickHouse release 19.1.9, 2019-02-21
Bug fixes
ClickHouse release 19.1.8, 2019-02-16
Bug Fixes
ClickHouse release 19.1
ClickHouse release 19.1.7, 2019-02-15
Bug Fixes
ClickHouse release 19.1.6, 2019-01-24
New Features
Experimental features
Bug Fixes
Improvements
Performance Improvements
Backward Incompatible Changes
Build/Testing/Packaging Improvements
ClickHouse release 18.16
ClickHouse release 18.16.1, 2018-12-21
Bug fixes:
Improvements:
Build improvements:
ClickHouse release 18.16.0, 2018-12-14
New features:
Bug fixes:
Improvements:
Build improvements:
Backward incompatible changes:
ClickHouse release 18.14
ClickHouse release 18.14.19, 2018-12-19
Bug fixes:
Build improvements:
ClickHouse release 18.14.18, 2018-12-04
Bug fixes:
Build changes:
ClickHouse release 18.14.17, 2018-11-30
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 18.14.15, 2018-11-21
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 18.14.14, 2018-11-20
Bug fixes:
Build changes:
ClickHouse release 18.14.13, 2018-11-08
Bug fixes:
Performance improvements:
Build improvements:
ClickHouse release 18.14.12, 2018-11-02
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 18.14.11, 2018-10-29
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 18.14.10, 2018-10-23
ClickHouse release 18.14.9, 2018-10-16
New features:
Experimental features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Backward incompatible changes:
ClickHouse release 18.12
ClickHouse release 18.12.17, 2018-09-16
New features:
Bug fixes:
Backward incompatible changes:
ClickHouse release 18.12.14, 2018-09-13
New features:
Improvements
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 18.12.13, 2018-09-10
New features:
Experimental features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Security fix:
Backward incompatible changes:
Build changes:
ClickHouse release 18.10
ClickHouse release 18.10.3, 2018-08-13
New features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Backward incompatible changes
Build changes:
ClickHouse release 18.6
ClickHouse release 18.6.0, 2018-08-02
New features:
Improvements:
ClickHouse release 18.5
ClickHouse release 18.5.1, 2018-07-31
New features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 18.4
ClickHouse release 18.4.0, 2018-07-28
New features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Backward incompatible changes:
ClickHouse release 18.1
ClickHouse release 18.1.0, 2018-07-23
New features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Backward incompatible changes:
ClickHouse release 1.1
ClickHouse release 1.1.54394, 2018-07-12
New features:
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54390, 2018-07-06
New features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Security fix:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54388, 2018-06-28
New features:
Experimental features:
Bug fixes:
Improvements:
Build changes:
Backward incompatible changes:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54385, 2018-06-01
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54383, 2018-05-22
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54381, 2018-05-14
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54380, 2018-04-21
New features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Backward incompatible changes:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54378, 2018-04-16
New features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Build changes:
Backward incompatible changes:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54370, 2018-03-16
New features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Clickhouse Release 1.1.54362, 2018-03-11
New features:
Improvements:
Bug fixes:
Backward incompatible changes:
Clickhouse Release 1.1.54343, 2018-02-05
Clickhouse Release 1.1.54342, 2018-01-22
Clickhouse Release 1.1.54337, 2018-01-18
New features:
Performance optimizations:
Bug fixes:
Build improvements:
Backward incompatible changes:
Please note when upgrading:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54327, 2017-12-21
ClickHouse release 1.1.54318, 2017-11-30
ClickHouse release 1.1.54310, 2017-11-01
New features:
Backward incompatible changes:
Bug fixes:
Build improvements:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54304, 2017-10-19
New features:
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54292, 2017-09-20
New features:
Bug fixes:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54289, 2017-09-13
New features:
Bug fixes:
Improved workflow for developing and assembling ClickHouse:
Please note when upgrading:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54284, 2017-08-29
ClickHouse release 1.1.54282, 2017-08-23
Clickhouse Release 1.1.54276, 2017-08-16
New features:
Main changes:
Backward incompatible changes:
Complete list of changes:
Bug fixes:
Improved workflow for developing and assembling ClickHouse:
ClickHouse release 1.1.54245, 2017-07-04
New features:
Backward incompatible changes:
Minor changes:
Bug fixes:
Fixed in ClickHouse Release 19.14.3.3, 2019-09-10
CVE-2019-15024
CVE-2019-16535
CVE-2019-16536
Fixed in ClickHouse Release 19.13.6.1, 2019-09-20
CVE-2019-18657
Fixed in ClickHouse Release 18.12.13, 2018-09-10
CVE-2018-14672
Fixed in ClickHouse Release 18.10.3, 2018-08-13
CVE-2018-14671
Fixed in ClickHouse Release 1.1.54388, 2018-06-28
CVE-2018-14668
Fixed in ClickHouse Release 1.1.54390, 2018-07-06
CVE-2018-14669
Fixed in ClickHouse Release 1.1.54131, 2017-01-10
CVE-2018-14670
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